第二章 詞匯理解模擬題

Passage One

Tea is the steady companion of the Scottish day. Each hotel, no matter how humble, stocks its rooms with supplies for brew-ups（泡茶）;electric pot for 1 water, ceramic pot for brewing, china cups and small tea-creamers, a great number of teas, honey, fresh milk, and lemons. This is a delight and 2 , for not only is there no such thing in American hotels, but room service even in 3 ones, when asked for tea with milk, can 4 a plastic kettle of hot water covered by a square of Saran Wrap, and a glass of milk.

It is nearing four o'clock in the afternoon. We come upon a small caravan camper with its door open to a late-middle-aged Scottish couple, sitting at a folding table, taking tea and biscuits. Passing by, one only has a 5 : his thick, white socks and heavy black shoes;her plump pear form and print dress;the electric kettle on the table. The archaeologists are 6 as to why the people of ancient Skara Brae would locate their huts so close to the sea, and have guessed that in fact the settlement was 7 located in a protected hollow, that time has eroded the shoreline inland toward the huts. That would make sense. Indeed, when presented at Skara Brae with the lure of a（an） 8 sea and the howling wind, we ourselves tucked into the hollow of a dune for lunch, eating cheese and apples in the sun with wind 9 our heads, blowing the sand into rippling ridges, flattening the beach grasses. Probably the archaeologists are right, but this utterly typical sense of Scottish 10 merrily planted at the edge of harsh cliffs, afternoon tea conducted in the wind and cold, suggests another possibility.

A) deliver

B) sparkling

C) confused

D) considerate

E) slash

F) immediately

G) astonishment

H) glimpse

I) skimming

J) domesticity

K) cooperate

L) boiling

M) respectable

N) glowing

O) originally

Passage Two

Two astronauts face a not-so-merry Christmas after being told to ration their food and hope a cargo ship with extra supplies docks on Dec. 21. Russian cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov and American Leroy Chiao have been asked to cut out calories equal to three cans of Coke from their daily diet—around 10 percent of their daily 1 and an amount that would be little noticed, NASA said.

Russian officials, quoted in the local media, have 2 blamed the previous crew for overeating during their one-month mission earlier this year, leaving a 3 of meat and milk and a surplus of juice and confectionery（糖果）.

The Dec. 24 launch of the next Progress is now 4 for the crew, stationed in orbit since October. It is due to 5 with the ISS on Dec. 21.

NASA officials said their situation was not so different from being cut off on Earth, and their lives were not at risk. If they do not receive 6 supplies, the astronauts would have to 7 the station and return to Earth on the Soyuz capsule that is docked there.

Russia has been the sole lifeline to the ISS for almost two years when the United States grounded its 8 fleet after the fatal Columbia accident.

Russia has often 9 of its financial struggle to keep the ISS fully serviced single-handedly. Shuttle flights could 10 in May, officials have said, but in the meantime Russia will continue to launch all manned and cargo ships.

A) deficit

B) complained

C) severely

D) allowance

E) considerately

F) shuttle

G) evacuate

H) absently

I) adequate

J) dock

K) resume

L) vital

M) trivial

N) evaluate

O) fresh

Passage Three

We all hope that the values that are important to each of us are passed along to our children.

Often, however, that hope is challenged by a flood of pop culture messages, peer pressure, and over-scheduled lives that leave little time for good counsel or 1 . It's easy to forget that learning values and character at home is as important as any schoolwork or 2 activity.

In the real world of jobs and career, people are judged by two 3 : their professional skills and their personal traits. While grade school, high school, and college can teach skills and 4 , it's up to parents to teach children the 5 that make for success in the real world—diligence, a cooperative attitude, creativity, optimism, assertiveness, and honesty. Schools— 6 colleges—don't focus on these issues. That's the job of the parents, so take the assignment seriously. Send your kids into the world, ready to 7 not only the tasks of life but also its hurdles, social obstacles, and frustrations with finesse and character.

You really can't start soon enough. After all, children need personal integrity and morals as much as any adult. Bullies will always be around;tasks won't always be assigned fairly;the good guys won't always win;petty concerns will often 8 issues of substance;and money won't always be in ample supply; 9 children to the harsher realities of life isn't cruel;giving them that experience and 10 them through it is part and parcel of raising kids to have courage, resilience（適應力）, and honor.

A) reflection

B) coaching

C) attributes

D) realization

E) standards

F) academic

G) proficiency

H) associated

I) handle

J) convey

K) exposing

L) trump

M) assignment

N) extracurricular

O) particularly

Passage Four

Employers are far less likely to employ people with mental illnesses than those with physical ailments（疾病）, a report shows. The government is 1 an initiative urging employers to improve conditions for people with a mental health problem.

It is 2 one in four people will suffer a mental illness at some point in their lives. And even for those with more common types of mental illness, such as 3 , only about half are 4 employed.

The voluntary standards, launched to 5 with World Mental Health Day, will also be used by public sector organizations, including local councils, government departments and hospitals. The Disability Discrimination Act, which comes into force this December, will require these bodies to end 6 discrimination and promote equality of opportunity.

Health Minister Rosie Winterton said:“ 7 and stigma（恥辱）still surround the issue of mental ill-health and when someone does develop a problem, they often do not get the support they need from society to help them recover. ”

“We all have a role to play in helping to 8 this issue. Employers can help by raising awareness of mental health issues amongst staff, supporting those affected and combating discrimination against staff and customers. ”

“This is good for staff and good for employers, who we know will benefit from reduced staff 9 and sickness absences. ”Work and Pensions Minister Lord Hunt said:“Work is important and beneficial to our physical and mental well-being. Because of this, it is essential that we remove the 10 that prevent people starting, returning to, or remaining in work. ”

A) tackle

B) issue

C) turnover

D) competitively

E) coincide

F) unlawful

G) barriers

H) particularly

I) estimated

J) launching

K) fair

L) depression

M) taking

N) generally

O) ignorance

Passage Five

Climate talks between the world's top 20 polluters have ended with an unusual level of agreement on the urgent need to tackle greenhouse gas emissions.

But 1 at the Mexico talks also stressed the massive gap between the politics and science of climate change. Several said they had never known such a positive atmosphere. Nobody 2 the reality of climate science anymore.

Business leaders from the World Economic Forum in Davos expressed a need for strong targets from governments on greenhouse gases. The International Energy Agency（IEA）said much could be achieved with existing technology, although far greater 3 was needed. The World Bank 4 its framework for investment in clean technology to help developing countries expand energy supplies without having to follow the 5 path of the West.

But bank representatives made it clear that there was no sign of the $20bn. （￡10.1bn. ）investment programme 6 by the U.K. Chancellor Gordon Brown previously. The U. S.,which was present at the talks, was objecting to parts of the proposal. The Under-Secretary of State for Global Affairs, Paula Dobriansky, told the BBC that the U. S. was now acting urgently to tackle greenhouse gases—then later admitted that the country's 7 would continue to rise.

Another U.S. delegate agreed that the world would face 8 sea-level rise because of climate change. But when 9 asked if the U.S. opposition to mandatory（強制的）CO2 cuts had changed in any way in response to a surge in concern over recent science of climate change, the delegate 10 replied“no”. The U.S. is by no means the only sticking point in climate talks, however.

A) official

B) dirty

C) doubted

D) developed

E) outlined

F) raise

G) informally

H) emissions

I) invaluable

J) economically

K) delegates

L) thriftily

M) investment

N) inevitable

O) announced

Passage Six

The Pensions Regulator has warned employers not to cook up plans to dump their pension schemes. Companies have been warned they may be 1 the law if they transfer their schemes to new employers without meeting their financial 2 .

The Regulator says it has seen a number of plans to do this without making sure the pension scheme is 3 funded. Pension scheme trustees（托管人）have been told to make sure employers do not get away with it.

A spokesman for the Regulator said that so far it had seen fewer than five examples of employers who had suggested 4 their schemes this way. But the fact that such a public warning is being made is a clear indication of the dangers of what might be an/a 5 trend.

Section 25 of the Pensions Act 1995 says that if an employer capable of meeting financial obligations wishes to stop running a scheme altogether, then it must pay the cost of transferring it, 6 funded, to an insurance company to 7 that accrued（逐漸增加的）pensions can always be paid.

This would always be 8 expensive, even for a scheme with a surplus, because the insurance company would charge a large amount of money, based on the assumption that the pension scheme's 9 would be invested largely in bonds, plus a margin for its own profit on top. However, earlier this year the Regulator gave its blessing to a plan 10 similar to the one which it is now warning against. The Regulator has refused to explain exactly why it took this decision.

A) apparently

B) guarantee

C) property

D) assets

E) extremely

F) change

G) elimination

H) obligations

I) properly

J) potentially

K) breaking

L) fully

M) abandoning

N) emerging

O) nominative

Passage Seven

At some point, we all seemed to decide that letting children tear down the street on a dirt bike without a 1 didn't seem like such a good idea anymore. That's smart. But we also started to lock the gate and move our fun from the front yard to the backyard or the TV room. We stopped meeting our neighbors;we became less friendly and more 2 .

There's nothing more important than protecting your family, but 3 doesn't equal protection. 4 with your neighbors not only lets you know the personalities that surround you, it also provides you with 5 positive and helpful resources in times of need.

So here's your task: make a map of your neighborhood and“fill it out”. Can you write down the names of the 6 of every household, including children, pets, and parents? See how many you can do, and then take a walk through the neighborhood and meet people.

If you live in an apartment, do 7 the same. Learn with whom you share a floor or a building. Have a casual mixer or just go door to door and introduce yourself with a smile and a handshake. 8 the true reason for your visit—that you feel it's important to meet your neighbors and want them to know you as well—should 9 any suspicions.

Whether you live in an urban high-rise, or a suburban tract, or on a rural lane, chances are your neighbors will be 10 by your friendliness. Perhaps a few dinners will come out of it. Perhaps you'll find a baby-sitter or a way to help a neighbor who is in need. And a year or two later, you may just find that your neighborhood has become a friendlier, more caring place.

A) Connecting

B) surprisingly

C) helmet

D) caution

E) isolation

F) afford

G) occupants

H) bring

I) dispel

J) thrilled

K) Sharing

L) hostile

M) suspicious

N) profoundly

O) exactly

Passage Eight

In America alone, tipping is now a $11 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting 1 ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both 2 the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.

Such 3 no doubt explain the supposed origin of tipping—in the 11th century, boxes in English taverns（酒館）carried the 4 “To Insure Promptitude”（later just“TIP”）.

Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become 5 : it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In Europe, tipping is less common;in many restaurants, 6 tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.

How to account for these national differences? Look no further than 7 . According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert（外向的）, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping 8 anxiety about being served by strangers. Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion（內向）, no doubt.

While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it 9 encourage the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to 10 and assess his staff. The cry of stingy tippers that service people should“just be paid a decent wage”may actually make economic sense.

A) phrase

B) explanations

C) actually

D) reduce

E) casual

F) sociology

G) institutionalized

H) judgment

I) psychology

J) guard

K) monitor

L) reward

M) immediately

N) rationally

O) relieves

Passage Nine

Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Integrating Internet and mobile communications network, and 1 powerful applications support capacity for wireless interconnection, mobile interconnection platform is an important network support technology to 2 mobile office.

When you leave your office to 3 meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction 4 . When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying 5 documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say“sorry”to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your 6 , and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.

In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this 7 . The best solution to 8 handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office“move”with you. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be 9 via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.

Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some 10 aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery.

A) timely

B) realized

C) accomplish

D) valid

E) delay

F) normally

G) relevant

H) situation

I) dilemma

J) handled

K) indispose

L) providing

M) unsatisfactory

N) accommodating

O) attend

Passage Ten

The desire to venture into unexplored“landscape”guides the direction of new genres. With the 1 of the Internet, information-based technology has enabled artists to investigate a new art form, a cerebral（大腦的）“medium for creative expression”, web art. Web art surfaced in the mid-1990s to receive, almost 2 , much support and 3 by museums, foundations and other traditional institutions.

The phenomenon of acceptance and support enjoyed by such an emerging art form can be assertively 4 to our culture in general, but more specifically the underlying ideas manifested over time through postmodernism. Postmodernism gave birth to“conceptual art”, an art practice which suggested that the art had traversed from object to idea, from a（n） 5 thing to a“system of thought”. Technology has created a new reproductive medium, which by its very nature confirms the ideas and 6 of postmodernism both aesthetically as well as contextually, even more absolutely than photography. Web art has enabled the artist to interrogate the conventional codes embedded in the materiality of the art and thus 7 traditional stylistic conventions.

The format and content of web art 8 encompass the postmodern concept of representation and the ideas of copy vs. original, artist vs. viewer, spatial vs. temporal and visual vs. verbal. The very characteristics of the web medium such as infinite reproducibility, interpretive interactivity, non-physicality, and coded language, 9 to the affirmation of these postmodern concerns. The 10 between postmodern theory and a pure art form that coherently echoes its concepts, manifests the acceptance of web art into the microcosmic art community as well as the larger, info-driven society.

A) attributed

B) several

C) immediately

D) tangible

E) produced

F) transcend

G) advent

H) contribute

I) canons

J) parallel

K) concisely

L) solely

M) invisible

N) transcribe

O) encouragement

答案解析

Passage One

文章精要

文章描述了蘇格蘭人對茶的特殊喜愛，并從考古學的角度簡單描述了茶對蘇格蘭人聚居地的意義。

答案解析

1.L　空格前的electric pot for與water后的ceramic pot for brewing為并列關系。后者的意思是“用來沖泡的陶瓷壺”，那么前面的意思可能為“用來燒水的電熱水壺”，其中“燒”這個詞要用其動名詞形式，與brewing對應。選項中只有boiling符合題意。

2.G　空格前為名詞delight和and，判斷空處應為名詞，幾個名詞選項中，只有astonishment“令人驚訝的事”符合語境。此處要表達“這是一件令人高興的事，也是一件令人驚訝的事”。

3.M　空格前是介詞，空格后為代詞ones，空處應該填形容詞。幾個形容詞選項中只有respectable“體面的；相當好的”符合題意，此處表示的是“體面的飯店”。

4.A　空格前是情態動詞can，判斷此處應填動詞原形。根據句意“……當被要求來一杯奶茶時，可能會______一個裝有熱水的塑料水壺，水壺上包著一塊保鮮膜……”和上下文的語境推測此處應填一個表示“遞給”的動詞，故deliver最合適。

5.H　空格前為限定詞a，判斷空處應填一個名詞。幾個名詞選項中，只有glimpse符合題意，意為“瞥了一眼”。

6.C　空格所在句子大意為“關于為什么古代史卡拉坡城的居民會把他們的茅屋建造在離大海這么近的地方這一問題，考古學家們是_____”，空格前為系動詞are，由此判斷空格處應填一個形容詞，作表語，選項所給的形容詞中只有confused合適，意為“疑惑的”。

7.O　空格前是系動詞was，空格后是動詞located，由此推測空格處應填一個副詞，所給的副詞中只有originally（起初）符合題意。

8.B　空格前是不定冠詞a（an），空格后為名詞sea、并列連詞and和the howling wind，分析此處應填一個和howling并列的、修飾sea的形容詞。sparkling意為“波光粼粼的”，符合題意。

9.I　空格前后都出現了名詞，且空格前還有表示伴隨的介詞with，分析此處應填動詞的現在分詞形式。此處語境：在陽光下吃著奶酪和蘋果，風______我們的頭，把沙子吹進起伏的山脊，吹平了海草。由語境推測應填入動詞skim“掠過”的現在分詞形式skimming。

10.J　空格前為形容詞，分析此處應填一個名詞。全文都在介紹蘇格蘭的家庭生活，故此處應填入domesticity，意為“對家庭的摯愛”。typical sense of Scottish domesticity即“蘇格蘭人典型的對家庭的摯愛之情”。

Passage Two

文章精要

文章講述了國際空間站上宇航員所面臨的困難，尤其是食物短缺的問題。文章指出造成這些問題的原因是之前的宇航員吃得太多。

答案解析

1.D　空格前為形容詞daily，空格后為連詞and和an amount，分析句子結構可知，此處應填入一個名詞。原文提到，俄羅斯和美國宇航員被要求減少攝取飲食中的熱量，被減少的熱量相當于三杯可樂的熱量，大約減少了他們日常______的10%，顯然破折號前面的daily diet和此處的daily______表達相同的含義，結合選項可知daily allowance最合適，意為“每日供給量”。

2.C　空格前為have，空格后為blamed，判斷此處應該填一個副詞。選項中可以修飾blame的只有severely“嚴厲地”。

3.A　空格前為不定冠詞a，判斷此處應該填一個名詞。分析句子結構可知，a______of meat and milk和a surplus of juice and confectionery為并列結構，故此處應填一個和surplus相對或者相近的名詞，結合選項，此處可填入deficit，意為“不足”。

4.L　空格前出現了系動詞is，空格后為for the crew，此處要表達“下一階段的12月24日的發射對自從10月份就駐扎在太空軌道中的宇航員們來說是_______”，結合選項中給出的形容詞，只有vital合適，意為“重要的”。

5.J　空格前為不定式符號to，后為介詞with，分析此處應填入動詞原形，且與with構成搭配。根據上下文語境：在12月21日，它將和國際空間站______。動詞選項中只有dock符合文意，dock with為固定結構，意為“與……對接”。

6.O　空格前為動詞，空格后為名詞，分析此處應填一個形容詞，來修飾空格后的名詞。此處指出，如果他們沒有收到______供給，宇航員就不得不返回地球，結合選項中的形容詞，此處填入fresh符合句意，fresh supplies意為“新鮮供應”，也指“新增補給”。

7.G　空格前為have to，空格后為the station，分析此處應填一個動詞原形。此處語境為：但如果他們沒有收到新鮮的供給，宇航員就不得不______空間站并返回到位于地球的聯盟號宇宙飛船中。回到地球，肯定就要“離開”空間站，選項中只有evacuate表示“離開，撤離”。

8.F　空格前為形容詞性物主代詞its（指美國的），空后為名詞fleet，顯然its______fleet要表達的是“美國的______艦隊”。此處語境為：自哥倫比亞號失事后，美國停飛了它的______，而這兩年的時間里俄羅斯一直是國際空間站的唯一的生命線。此處顯然要填表示“飛機；飛船”的單詞，shuttle fleet意為“航天飛機”，為固定搭配，符合句意

9.B　空格前有助動詞has，空格后為介詞of，判斷空處應填一個動詞的過去分詞，且可與of搭配。此處要表達：俄羅斯經常______它獨自維持國際空間站運營的財政困難，結合選項，俄羅斯顯然是在“抱怨”，complain of...意為“抱怨……”，符合句意。

10.K　空格前為情態動詞could，空格后為in May，判斷此處應填一個不及物動詞。此句意為“官員說道，航天飛機會在五月______，但同時，俄羅斯會繼續發射載人和載物飛船。”結合選項只有resume符合文意，意為“重新開始（飛行）”。

Passage Three

文章精要

文章論述了該如何培養孩子的價值觀的問題，主要強調了父母在教育方面的作用以及該如何對孩子進行教育。

答案解析

1.A　根據句子結構，空處所填單詞與counsel并列，故此處應填一個名詞。此句意為：流行文化信息、同輩的壓力和日程過滿的生活使我們很少有時間聽取好的忠告或者去______，結合幾個名詞選項，reflection意為“反思”，符合句意。

2.N　連詞or連接schoolwork和______activity，顯然空處要填一個與學校活動相關的形容詞。選項給出的形容詞中，只有extracurricular符合文意，extracurricular activity意為“課外活動”。

3.E　空格前為數量詞，判斷空白處應填一個復數可數名詞。此句意為：在現實的工作和職場中，有兩個______來評判人。由judge一詞可判斷此處要填表示“標準”的詞，即standards。

4.G　由skills and______結構判斷，空處應填一個和skills含義相關的名詞。此處意為：……大學可以教技能和______，結合選項，proficiency意為“（技能的）熟練程度”，符合句意。

5.C　分析句子結構，空前為定冠詞the，空后為that定語從句，空處應填名詞。此處意為：由父母教會孩子在現實世界中獲得成功的______，破折號后面的diligence, a cooperative attitude, creativity, optimism, assertiveness, and honesty等表示“品質”的詞對空處進行了解釋說明，故空處應填表示“品質”的詞，故選attributes。

6.O　根據句子結構，______colleges是句子主語Schools的同位語，空處應填副詞，表示突出強調，此句意為：學校，______大學，不關注這些問題，particularly“尤其是，特別是”符合文意。

7.I　空格前為ready to，判斷此處應填動詞原形。該動詞的賓語是not only the tasks of life but also its hurdles, social obstacles, and frustrations with finesse and character，handle意為“處理，應對”，此處要表達：處理生活事務，應對困難、社會障礙和挫折。

8.L　空格前為助動詞和副詞，空格后為名詞，判斷此處應填動詞原形。此處上下文語境為：欺凌事件隨處可見；任務不總是公平分配；好人不一定總贏；小問題往往______實質性問題……上下文陳述的都是社會負面問題，空處所在分句也要陳述負面問題，即人們常常關注小問題，而忽略了實質性問題，也就是小問題往往壓過實質性問題，trump意為“壓過，勝過”。

9.K　分析句子結構，______children to the harsher realities of life為句子的主語部分，謂語動詞是isn't，故空處應填動詞的現在分詞形式，且該動詞可與to搭配。此處要表達：讓孩子接觸更殘酷的現實生活，結合選項，exposing意為“使面臨，使遭遇”，符合題意。

10.B　首先判斷空前的and連接giving them that experience和______them through it兩個并列成分，故空處應填現在分詞，與giving對應。此處意為：讓他們獲得那種經歷，并______他們渡過難關是教育孩子有勇氣、適應力和榮譽感的必不可少的一部分，結合選項，coaching為動詞coach“指導”的動名詞形式，符合題意。

Passage Four

文章精要

文章描述了關于精神疾病患者就業情況的一些現狀，如他們就業困難或受到歧視。文章同時提出了一些解決方法來提高他們的就業率并讓社會接受他們。

答案解析

1.J　分析句子結構，空格前是is，空格后出現了不定式符號to，表目的，故空處應填動詞的現在分詞，并能與空格后的an initiative“一份倡議”構成搭配。此處要表達“政府正發起一份倡議”，結合選項，launching意為“發起”，符合句意。

2.I　分析句子結構，It is______是主語從句，此處要表達“據調查”、“據報道”、“據估計”等意義，結合選項，it is estimated“據估計”符合文意。

3.L　空格前為such as，顯然此處是舉例，應填名詞，是對前文mental illness的舉例，所以空處表示的是一種“心理疾病”，結合選項，depression意為“抑郁癥”，符合題意。

4.D　分析句子結構，only about half are______employed主謂成分完整，故空處應填副詞，修飾employed。結合選項，并根據句意：甚至對于相對較常見的心理疾病，如抑郁癥，只有大約一半的患者在被雇傭時______，只有competitively合適，意為“有競爭力地”。

5.E　空格前為不定式符號to，空格后為介詞with，判斷此處應填一個動詞，且與with搭配。coincide with為固定短語，意為“符合；同時發生”，符合題意。

6.F　分析句子結構，空格處所填單詞和discrimination一同作end的賓語，空處應填形容詞，修飾discrimination。原文指出：《殘障歧視法令》要求這些團體或組織結束______歧視并提倡機會平等，表明針對歧視殘疾人已經頒布了相關法律，故discrimination用unlawful“非法的”修飾更符合文意。

7.O　空格后為and stigma，判斷此處應填一個和stigma意義相近的名詞。此處意為：______和恥辱仍舊圍繞著心理疾病問題。分析選項中的名詞，ignorance意為“無知”，符合題意。

8.A　空格前為不定式符號to，空格后為指示代詞和名詞，判斷此處應填一個及物動詞，且為原形。此處要表達“幫助解決這個問題”，結合選項，tackle有“解決”之意。

9.C　分析句子結構，staff______是一個名詞詞組，被形容詞reduced修飾。結合選項，staff turnover意為“員工流動率”，為固定搭配。

10.G　空格前為定冠詞the，空格后為that引導的定語從句，判斷此處應該填名詞。此句意為：因為這一點，我們去除阻止人們開始、返回或者持續工作的______是非常重要的。由此可知，可以阻止人們做某事的一定是“障礙，阻礙”，故barriers最合適。

Passage Five

文章精要

文章陳述了各國首腦會議中談論的解決溫室效應的問題，與會者提出應盡快解決溫室氣體排放帶來的環境問題。文章最后陳述了美國對此舉措的態度。

答案解析

1.K　分析句子結構，空處為句子的主語，且stressed（強調）的主語應該是人，故應填表示人的名詞。此句意為：但是參與墨西哥對話的______也重點強調了政治和氣候變化科學的巨大差異。結合選項中的名詞，delegates最合適，意為“代表團成員”。

2.C　分析句子結構，空處是句子的謂語動詞，應填動詞過去式。上一句提到，一些人沒有想到談判的氛圍非常積極，由此推測此處填入doubted最合適，表示沒有人再“懷疑”氣候科學的現實性。

3.M　分析句子結構，far greater______為從句的主語，故空處應填一個名詞。此句意為：國際能源署提到現存的技術就能讓我們達到很多的目標，盡管還需要更多的______。接著下一句就提到了“投資計劃”，由此可知填入investment“投資”符合句意。

4.E　根據句子結構，句子缺少謂語，空處應填動詞過去式。根據空后出現的framework一詞，推測應填入outlined，表示“勾勒框架”。

5.B　空格前為定冠詞，空格后為名詞，判斷此處應填一個形容詞。根據上下文文意，此處要表達的是：不讓發展中國家走西方國家的臟亂的污染道路，故dirty最合適。

6.O　分析句子結構，______by the U.K. Chancellor Gordon Brown作后置定語，修飾investment programme，by一詞暗示應該用過去分詞。結合選項，the U.K. Chancellor應該是announced（宣布）投資計劃。

7.H　空格前為名詞所有格the country's，判斷此處應填名詞。此處意為：……后來美國承認美國的______仍將持續增加。上文提到美國目前正在迫切地應對溫室氣體排放問題。由此可知談論的主題是“溫室氣體的排放”，故填入emissions合適，意為“排放”。

8.N　空格前為動詞face，空格后為名詞詞組sea-level rise，判斷此處可能填一個形容詞，修飾sea-level rise。此句意為：另一位美國代表認為因為氣候變化，世界將面臨______海平面上升。結合選項，氣候變化不可避免地會使海平面上升，inevitable意為“不可避免的”，符合題意。

9.G　分析句子結構，when______asked if...是省略了主語和be動詞的結構，主句的主語是the delegate，從句不缺主謂成分，故推測應填副詞。由本句開頭的But可知相對應前一句，本句含義發生了轉折，副詞選項中只有informally含義合適，表示“非正式地”。

10.J　分析句子結構，the delegate______replied“no”不缺主謂充分，判斷此處應填一個副詞。此處意為“美國代表______地答復了‘不會’”，由此可知填入economically合適，意為“經濟地，節約地”，言外之意在說明美國官員對于問題的回答很粗略，不詳細。

Passage Six

文章精要

本文闡述了養老金的移交問題。文章提出目前養老金移交很可能會出現觸犯法律的問題，并給出了解決這一問題的相關建議：如果雇主要終止養老金計劃，可以將其轉交給保險公司以確保后續養老金的如期支付。

答案解析

1.K　分析句子結構，may be______是從句的謂語，判斷此處應填一個動詞的現在分詞。根據句意：公司被警告如果他們沒有滿足……他們可能會______法律，結合選項，break the law意為“觸犯法律”，故breaking符合題意。

2.H　空格前為形容詞，分析此處應填一個名詞。此處要表達：沒有履行他們的經濟______，結合選項，financial obligations意為“經濟職責”，obligations符合題意。

3.I　分析句子結構，the pension scheme is______funded主謂不缺，故空處應填一個副詞。根據上文：監管部門表示已經看到一些沒有確保養老金得以______支付就開始實施的計劃。分析選項中的副詞，properly意為“正確地，恰當地”，符合題意。

4.M　空格前為動詞suggested，空格后為名詞詞組their schemes，顯然此處構成了suggest doing sth. 的結構，上文提到：養老金計劃托管人被告知確保雇主不會逃避支付，此處提到：到目前為止不超過五家企業以這樣的方式______養老金計劃，空處與上文中的get away with表達同樣的含義，結合選項，abandoning“放棄”符合文意。

5.N　空格前為不定冠詞，空格后為名詞trend，分析此處應填一個形容詞，修飾“趨勢”，結合選項中的形容詞，可以修飾“趨勢”的只有emerging，意為“出現的”。

6.L　分析句子結構，空處修飾動詞funded，故應填一個副詞。分析選項中的副詞，fully符合文意。

7.B　空格前為不定式符號to，空格后為that引導的從句，故此處應填動詞原形。上文提到“……如果雇主能夠履行經濟職責，希望可以完全停止養老金計劃，最好將其轉交給保險公司來______后續逐漸增加的養老金可以一直被繳納。”由此推斷上述做法是為了保證養老金持續不間斷的支付，故動詞guarantee合適。

8.E　分析句子結構，This would always be______expensive主謂不缺，故應填一個副詞。空格后面提到“保險公司會索要一大筆的資金”，可推測此處應填入副詞extremely，意為“相當地，非常地”。

9.D　空格前為名詞所有格，故空處應填一個名詞。根據上下文：……因為保險公司會索要一大筆的資金，基于養老金計劃的______在很大程度上被投資于……。由此推測應為“養老金計劃的資金”，故assets合適。

10.A　分析句子結構，空處應填副詞，修飾形容詞similar。“相似的”往往用apparently“近乎；表面上”來修飾。

Passage Seven

文章精要

文章就當今社會存在的鄰里之間缺乏溝通的問題展開討論，同時也給出了解決這一問題的方法：要敞開心扉，不要時刻懷疑你的鄰居，簡單的交談就能幫助人們彼此接近。

答案解析

1.C　空格前為冠詞，判斷此處應填一個名詞。分析給出的名詞，結合文意，只有helmet合適，意指“不帶頭盔騎自行車”。

2.M　空格前的less friendly and more暗示，空格后要填與friendly含義相對的形容詞。結合選項，形容詞中只有suspicious合適，意為“多疑的”。

3.E　分析句子結構，空處為分句的主語，且應為單數名詞。根據上下文：沒有比保護你的家人更重要的事情了，但是______并不意味著保護。結合上一段提到的“我們不再去見我們的鄰居”可知這是一種孤立的狀態，填入isolation合適，且和protection構成押韻，isolation意為“孤立”。

4.A　分析句子結構，______with your neighbors為句子主語，判斷此處應填動詞現在分詞。connect with構成短語，意為“和……交流”，故Connecting符合題意。

5.B　分析空格所在分句的結構，分句不缺成分，故判斷此處應填一個副詞，修飾后面的形容詞positive和helpful。選項中的副詞surprisingly意為“驚人地，出人意外地”，符合題意。

6.G　空格前為冠詞，空格后為介詞of，判斷此處應填一個名詞。根據上下文：你能寫出家家戶戶______的名字嗎？包括孩子、寵物以及雙親的名字？由此可知需填入一個表示所有住戶的總稱的詞，而occupants意為“居住者”，符合題意。

7.O　分析句子結構，此處缺少副詞。分析選項中的副詞，只有exactly最合適，意為“完全地”。

8.K　分析句子結構，______the true reason for your visit作整個句子的主語，故此處應填動詞的現在分詞。選項中的動詞的現在分詞只剩下Sharing，意為“分享”。

9.I　空格前是should，空處應該填動詞原形。結合上下文語境：……會______任何的不信任。填入dispel合適，意為“驅除”，即“驅除”不信任感。

10.J　由be...by結構判斷，空處應該填動詞的過去分詞。各選項中動詞的過去分詞只有thrilled。此處意為：你的鄰居會因為你的友好而感到興奮，be thrilled by意為“因……感到興奮”。

Passage Eight

文章精要

本文從文化、心理等方面分析了小費產生的原因，同時也指出小費的存在并不能夠真正地提高服務質量。

答案解析

1.N　分析句子結構，acting______作后置定語，修飾Consumers，故空處應填副詞，修飾acting。此句意為：______消費的消費者不應該為他們得到的服務多付錢。分析給出的副詞選項，rationally最合適，意為“合理地”。

2.L　分析句子結構，表語從句的主語是tips，謂語是both______and reduce，故判斷空處應填動詞原形。根據句意：小費既是對良好服務的______，也能夠減少令人不舒服的不平等的感覺，結合選項中的動詞，只有reward最合適，意為“獎勵，獎賞”。

3.B　分析句子結構，Such______作主語，explain作謂語，故空處應填復數名詞。此處意為：這種______毫無疑問解釋了小費的所謂的起源。由Such一詞可推測此處指的是上文的說法，分析給出的名詞選項，explanations填入合適，意為“說明；解釋”，且與謂語動詞explain呼應。

4.A　空格前的冠詞暗示此處應填一個名詞。空格后引號內是一個短語，意為“確保快捷”，故選phrase。

5.G　空格前的系動詞become暗示此處應填一個形容詞。此處意為：在美國，給小費的習俗已經成為______，結合選項，institutionalized意為“成為慣例的”，符合文意。

6.E　空格后為名詞，分析此處應填一個形容詞，修飾tipping。此句意為：在歐洲，給小費的現象更少見；在很多餐廳，______小費被一種標準的服務費代替。只有形容詞casual符合題意，意為“非正式的”，與空后的standard相對應。

7.I　Look no further than后面應填名詞。根據上下文：如何解釋各個國家之間的差別？從______的角度來看一下吧。接著文章介紹說，在一些民眾性格比較外向、愛好交際或容易激動的國家，小費往往給得更多，而性格內向的冰島人則沒有給小費的習慣。由此可知該段是從人的性格角度分析各個國家在給小費上的不同，而性格可以歸結到心理學的角度，故此處應填psychology。

8.O　分析句子結構，此處缺少謂語動詞，且應填動詞的第三人稱單數形式。空格處所在句子的上一句提到“在性格外向、好交際或容易激動的人所在的國家，人們往往給的小費較多”，接著本句提到“小費______被陌生人服務的焦慮。”此處應表示“減輕焦慮”，故此處填relieves。

9.C　分析句子結構，句子是個倒裝結構，主謂賓成分完整，故需填一個副詞。分析給出的副詞，只有actually“事實上”符合文意。

10.K　空格前為不定式符號to，空格后為連詞and和動詞assess，分析此處應填一個和assess含義相近的動詞。根據上下文：在餐館里，給小費既不能真正地鼓勵服務生，也不能幫助經理對員工的工作進行______和評估。動詞選項中monitor最合適，意為“監督”。

Passage Nine

文章精要

文章描述了移動辦公室的一系列好處，如：方便、處理及時等。在文章的最后一段，作者也提出了移動辦公室一些有待解決的問題，如電池電力不足等。

答案解析

1.L　分析句子結構，本句的主語是mobile interconnection platform, Integrating...,and______...是分詞短語作狀語，判斷此處應填一個動詞的現在分詞。選項中現在分詞有providing“提供”和accommodating“使適應”，此處意為：為無線互聯______強大的應用支持能力，顯然“提供”符合題意。

2.C　空格前為動詞不定式符號to，故此處應填一個動詞原形。縱觀各動詞原形選項，accomplish表示“完成，實現”，符合文意。

3.O　空格前為動詞不定式符號to，故此處應填一個動詞原形。分析原文此處應為“參加會議”，故attend符合文意。

4.A　空格所在句主謂賓都不缺，故此處應填一個副詞，修飾make prompt reaction。分析選項中的副詞，只有timely最合適。

5.G　空格前為are...carrying，空格后為名詞，分析此處應填一個形容詞，修飾documents。此處意為：……你既沒有在辦公室，也沒有帶______文件，你能做什么？結合語境，很容易分析出應是“相關的文件”，故答案為relevant。

6.E　空格前為形容詞性物主代詞，分析此處應填一個名詞。此處意為：客戶會因為你的______而不高興和失望，結合選項中的名詞，只有delay符合文意。

7.I　空格前為代詞this，分析此處應填一個單數名詞。上句提到：事實上，當你不在辦公室的時候，你經常需要檢查、回復、分發、展示、修改或者閱讀一些文件，你必須擺脫這種______。根據語境推測此處應填入表示“困境”的詞，故dilemma符合題意，意為“兩難的境地”。

8.F　分析句子結構，空格處需填入副詞，修飾handle。剩余副詞選項中只剩下normally。

9.B　分析句子結構，此處結構為mobile office even can be______via one mobile phone with data communications function，空處顯然是謂語動詞，應為過去分詞。根據句意：移動辦公甚至可以通過一部裝有數據交流功能的手機來______，空處要填表示“完成，實現”的詞，故realized符合題意。

10.M　空格前是some，空格后是aspects，故空格處應填入一個形容詞，來修飾aspects。空格所在句是由but連接的兩個分句，前后意思出現了轉折。前面說移動辦公給人們帶來了便利，后面肯定是說移動辦公的不利方面。故空格處應填入unsatisfactory，表示“令人不滿意的”。

Passage Ten

文章精要

文章說明了網絡藝術與后現代主義之間的關系。網絡藝術能夠迅速得到大家的認可和支持要歸功于后現代主義，因為網絡藝術符合后現代主義所倡導的用意念來表達物體的“概念藝術”。同時，網絡藝術肯定了后現代主義的一些特性，如：無限重復創造性、互動性等。

答案解析

1.G　空格前為定冠詞，空格后為介詞，分析此處應填一個名詞。根據句意：隨著互聯網的______，信息技術使藝術家研究新的藝術形式，結合選項，此處表達“隨著互聯網的出現”，advent最合適，意為“出現”。

2.C　分析句子結構，almost作狀語，修飾receive，故空處應填副詞。文章提到：網絡藝術在上世紀九十年代中期出現，幾乎______得到認可……，分析選項中的副詞只有immediately符合文意，表示“立刻”。

3.O　and連接兩個并列的詞，此處應填一個和support含義相近的名詞。根據上下文：網絡藝術出現在上世紀90年代中期，幾乎立刻被人們接受，它得到了很多來自博物館、基金會和其他傳統機構的支持和______。分析給出的名詞，encouragement最合適，意為“鼓勵”。

4.A　空格前出現了can be，分析此處應填動詞的過去分詞。此處意為：如此新興的藝術形式享有的接受和支持肯定要______我們總體的文化。所給動詞的過去分詞中只有attributed能和to搭配，表示“歸因于；歸功于”。

5.D　空格前為不定冠詞，空格后為名詞，分析此處應填一個形容詞。空格處所在句解釋了“概念藝術”的定義：揭示藝術從客觀事物到想法的轉變，因此空格處所填的詞應能修飾object，tangible意為“有形的”，符合文意。

6.I　空格前為連詞，空格后為介詞，分析此處應填一個和ideas含義相近的名詞。剩余選項中，名詞還剩下canons，意為“教規；準則，原則；標準”。

7.F　空格前出現了連詞and，分析句子結構可知此處應填一個動詞，與前面的interrogate并列。分析語境，此處需填入表示“改變”或者“超越”的動詞，故動詞transcend符合題意，意為“超越”。

8.K　分析句子結構，空處所在句主謂賓不缺，故此處要填一個副詞，修飾encompass。分析選項中的副詞，只有concisely符合文意，意為“簡明地”。

9.H　分析句子結構，______to為句子的謂語，故此處應填一個動詞。根據上下文：諸如無限重復創造性、互動性、非物質性以及編碼語言等網絡媒介的一些特點______了后現代主義所關注的內容。動詞contribute和介詞to構成固定搭配，意為“促成；有助于”，符合文意。

10.J　空格前為冠詞，空格后為介詞between，分析此處應填一個名詞。根據上下文，此處是在對比后現代主義理論和純粹的藝術形式。由此可知空格處填入parallel最合適，意為“對比；比較”。