Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

聽力原文&譯文

W: Professor Henderson, [1]could you give us a brief overview of what you do, where you work and your main area of research?

M: Well, the Center for Climate Research where I work [1]links the science of climate change to issues around economics and policy. Some of our research is to do with the likely impacts of climate change and all of the associated risks.

W: And how strong is the evidence that climate change is happening? That is really something we need to be worried about.

M: Well, most of the science of climate change, particularly that to do with global warming, is simply a fact. But other aspects of the science are less certain or at least more disputed. And so we're really talking about risk. [2]What the economics tells us is that it's probably cheaper to avoid climate change to avoid the risk than it has to deal with the likely consequences.

W: So what are we doing? What can we do about it?

M: Well, I would argue that we need to develop the science specifically to understand the likely impacts of climate change in different contexts. As I said, we need to understand the best ways of avoiding climate change and [3]this will involve a huge transition to low-carbon energy systems and the transition is a tremendous priority.And for this to happen, we may need action on a global scale. From a political perspective, we need to understand the terms on which major countries like China and USA might sign up to a global agreement because at the moment we don't have that consensus.

W: Right.

M: [4]And we also need to plan ahead so that we're in a position to deal with the likely levels of climate change which are already inevitable and even more so too for the levels that are likely if we don't get those global agreements.

女：亨德森教授，[1]您能簡短地概述一下您的工作內(nèi)容、工作地點(diǎn)及主要研究領(lǐng)域嗎？

男：好的。[1]我所在的氣候研究中心將氣候變化科學(xué)與圍繞經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和政策的問題聯(lián)系在一起。我們的一些研究涉及氣候變化可能產(chǎn)生的影響以及所有相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

女：那么有多么強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)證明氣候正在發(fā)生變化呢？這才是我們真正需要擔(dān)心的問題。

男：嗯，氣候變化科學(xué)的大部分內(nèi)容，尤其是與全球變暖有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，其實(shí)就是事實(shí)。但是其他方面還是不太確定，或者至少是更有爭議的。因此我們實(shí)際上討論的是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題。[2]經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)告訴我們的是，通過避免氣候變化來規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要比處理（氣候變化）可能造成的后果成本更低。

女：那么我們現(xiàn)在要做什么？我們能夠做什么呢？

男：嗯，我認(rèn)為我們要專門發(fā)展這門科學(xué)，了解在不同的環(huán)境下氣候變化可能帶來的影響。正如我所說的，我們需要掌握避免氣候變化的最好方法，[3]這會涉及向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變是目前的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們就要在全球范圍內(nèi)采取行動。從政治角度上來說，我們需要了解像中國和美國這樣的大國可能會簽署的全球協(xié)議條款，因?yàn)槟壳拔覀兩形催_(dá)成共識。

女：確實(shí)如此。

男：[4]我們還需要提前計(jì)劃，這樣我們才有能力應(yīng)對那些已經(jīng)不可避免的氣候變化。如果我們不簽署那些全球協(xié)議，氣候變化的程度甚至可能會更高。

1. A) It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.

B) It studies the impacts of global climate change on people's lives.

C) It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.

D) It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.

Q: What does Professor Henderson say about his main area of research?

A）它試圖預(yù)測全球氣候變化的可能趨勢。

B）它研究全球氣候變化對人類生活產(chǎn)生的影響。

C）它將氣候變化科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策問題聯(lián)系在一起。

D）它關(guān)注各國為應(yīng)對全球變暖所做出的努力。

問：對于自己的主要研究領(lǐng)域，亨德森教授是怎么說的？

? 聽前預(yù)測：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以it開頭。

2. 四項(xiàng)提到的內(nèi)容均與氣候變化相關(guān)。

結(jié)論：該題可能考查與it有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。聽音時(shí)首先要確定it所指代的對象，然后結(jié)合選項(xiàng)作出判斷。

? 解析：對話中女士提問：“您能簡短地概述一下您的工作內(nèi)容、工作地點(diǎn)及主要研究領(lǐng)域嗎？”接下來男士回答：“我所在的氣候研究中心將氣候變化科學(xué)與圍繞經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和政策的問題聯(lián)系在一起。”因此C項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。

2. A) It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.

B) It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.

C) It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.

D) It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.

Q: What does Professor Henderson say about climate change?

A）需要花費(fèi)很長時(shí)間才能就它的影響達(dá)成共識。

B）處理它帶來的影響要比避免它成本高。

C）這是所有國家面臨的最緊迫的問題。

D）這必然會引起各國無休止的爭論。

問：關(guān)于氣候變化，亨德森教授說了什么？

? 聽前預(yù)測：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以it開頭，均表示某種程度的消極意義。

2. 兩項(xiàng)開頭的it指代某種事物，兩項(xiàng)提到its impact或its consequences。

結(jié)論：該題可能考查it的某種特性。聽音時(shí)首先要確定it所指代的對象，然后結(jié)合選項(xiàng)作出判斷。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“通過避免氣候變化來規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要比處理（氣候變化）可能造成的后果成本更低。”即：處理氣候變化帶來的后果要比避免氣候變化的成本高，因此B項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。對話中只是提到大國關(guān)于簽署氣候協(xié)議的問題尚未達(dá)成共識，并沒有提到達(dá)成共識所需的時(shí)間長短，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)是對“向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)變是各國的當(dāng)務(wù)之急”的曲解。D項(xiàng)在對話中未提及，故排除。

3. A) The transition to low-carbon energy systems.

B) The cooperation among world major powers.

C) The signing of a global agreement.

D) The raising of people's awareness.

Q: What does Professor Henderson say is a top priority in combating climate change?

A）向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)變。

B）世界上大國之間的合作。

C）全球協(xié)議的簽署。

D）人們思想意識的提高。

問：亨德森教授認(rèn)為對抗氣候變化的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是什么？

? 聽前預(yù)測：

1. 四項(xiàng)均是名詞詞組，推測本題可能是以what提問。

2. 前三項(xiàng)提到的內(nèi)容與全球發(fā)展或合作相關(guān)。

結(jié)論：該題可能以what提問，考查的內(nèi)容可能與全球發(fā)展或合作相關(guān)。聽音時(shí)需留意與transition, cooperation, global agreement相關(guān)的語句。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“我們需要掌握避免氣候變化的最好方法，這會涉及向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變是目前的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。”因此A項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，為正確答案。對話中提到要解決當(dāng)務(wù)之急需要簽署全球協(xié)議，因此C項(xiàng)是前提條件，故排除；B、D兩項(xiàng)在對話中未提及，故排除。

4. A) Carry out more research on it.

B) Cut down energy consumption.

C) Plan well in advance.

D) Adopt new technology.

Q: What does Professor Henderson advise us to do to better deal with climate change?

A）進(jìn)行更多的相關(guān)研究。

B）削減能源消耗。

C）提前做好計(jì)劃。

D）使用新技術(shù)。

問：為了更好地應(yīng)付氣候變化，亨德森教授建議我們做什么？

? 聽前預(yù)測：四項(xiàng)均以動詞原形開頭，可能考查某種行為或建議。

結(jié)論：該題可能以what提問，考查的內(nèi)容可能與某人提出的建議相關(guān)。聽音時(shí)留意與research, energy consumption, plan in advance, new technology相關(guān)的語句。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“我們還需要提前計(jì)劃，這樣我們才有能力應(yīng)對那些已經(jīng)不可避免的氣候變化。”因此C項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，為正確答案。A、B、D三項(xiàng)在對話中未提及，故排除。

Conversation Two

聽力原文&譯文

W: I have many business English students. [5]When I teach in the classroom, we often end up talking about things like success and what leads to success. And it's interesting that many of them mention the element of luck.

M: Right.

W: Luck is important to success. But since you've seen that fantastic video on the TED Talks website by Richard St. John, he doesn't mention luck at all.

M: Well, I'm a firm believer that people can make their own luck. I mean what people regard as luck, you can actually create, to a degree.

W: Sure. [6]I think a lot of what people consider luck is attributed to how you respond to the opportunities that come your way.

M: Yes, very good point.

W: [6]Seizing the opportunities. But was there any point in the video that you thought was particularly interesting?

M: Yes, actually there was. Something very impressive to me as many people think that luck is important and that natural talent is something you must have in order to be successful. [7]And in the video we saw, the point about getting good at something is not about having some natural talent. It's all about practice, practice, practice.

W: Definitely yeah. Natural talent helps in some way. But at the end of the day you really do need to work hard and get really, really good at what you do.

M: Sure.

W: I thought one interesting thing in the video was the idea of passion being so important and that people who really love what they do. Of course you're going to want to work harder and put the time and effort into it. [8]And the funny thing is that if you love what you do and are really passionate about it and work really hard, the money kind of comes automatically.

女：我有許多學(xué)商務(wù)英語的學(xué)生。[5]上課時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常討論諸如成功以及取得成功的要素等話題。有趣的是，很多學(xué)生都提到了運(yùn)氣因素。

男：確實(shí)。

女：運(yùn)氣對成功很重要。但是想必你已經(jīng)看過TED演講視頻網(wǎng)站上理查德·圣約翰的那段絕妙的演講視頻，他根本沒有提到運(yùn)氣。

男：嗯，我堅(jiān)信人們可以使自己變得幸運(yùn)。我的意思是說人們其實(shí)可以在一定程度上創(chuàng)造所謂的運(yùn)氣。

女：的確如此。[6]我想人們認(rèn)為的運(yùn)氣很大程度上取決于你如何回應(yīng)即將到來的機(jī)會。

男：是的，很好的觀點(diǎn)。

女：[6]抓住機(jī)會。但是你認(rèn)為視頻里還有什么特別有趣的觀點(diǎn)嗎？

男：是的，的確有一些。有一些令我印象非常深刻，比如許多人認(rèn)為，運(yùn)氣很重要，而且天賦是想要獲得成功所必須具備的。[7]從視頻內(nèi)容我們可以看到，擅長做某事并不是因?yàn)橛羞@方面的天賦，而是練習(xí)，練習(xí)，再練習(xí)。

女：確實(shí)如此。天賦在某種程度上有幫助。但是最終你確實(shí)還是需要努力工作，然后變得對自己所做的事情非常非常精通。

男：確實(shí)。

女：我認(rèn)為視頻所展現(xiàn)的有趣的一點(diǎn)是，激情很重要，人們要真正喜歡他們所做的事情。當(dāng)然，你會想要更努力地工作，并為此投入時(shí)間和精力。[8]有意思的是，如果你喜歡你所做的事情，對此真正充滿激情，并真正付諸努力，自然就會容易賺到錢了。

5. A) When luck plays a role.

B) What determines success.

C) Whether practice makes perfect.

D) How important natural talent is.

Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A）運(yùn)氣在何時(shí)起作用。

B）成功取決于什么。

C）是否熟能生巧。

D）天賦有多重要。

問：對話者主要討論的是什么？

? 聽前預(yù)測：四項(xiàng)均以特殊疑問詞開頭，信息點(diǎn)比較散，并且都具有概括性。

結(jié)論：該題可能以what提問，考查對話的主題。聽音時(shí)留意與luck, success, practice, talent相關(guān)的語句，并注意從整體把握對話的中心意思。

? 解析：對話中女士提到：“上課時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常討論諸如成功以及取得成功的要素等話題。”因此B項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。A、C、D三項(xiàng)雖然在對話中也有提到，但是只是說話者提到的影響成功的要素，并不是對話的主題，故排除。

6. A) It knocks at your door only once in a while.

B) It is something that no one can possibly create.

C) It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence.

D) It means being good at seizing opportunities.

Q: What is the woman's view of luck?

A）它只是偶爾會降臨到人們身上。

B）沒有人可以創(chuàng)造它。

C）它來自于一個(gè)人天生的自信。

D）它意味著善于抓住機(jī)會。

問：女士對運(yùn)氣持什么觀點(diǎn)？

? 聽前預(yù)測：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以it開頭。

2. 四項(xiàng)均描述it的某種特征。

結(jié)論：該題考查的內(nèi)容可能與it的某個(gè)特征相關(guān)。聽音時(shí)首先要確定it所指代的對象，聽到問題后再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)作出判斷。

? 解析：對話中女士先提到：“我想人們認(rèn)為的運(yùn)氣很大程度上取決于你如何回應(yīng)即將到來的機(jī)會。”后面又解釋說“抓住機(jī)會”，因此可知，在女士看來，運(yùn)氣意味著抓住機(jī)會，D項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)在對話中未提及，故排除。男士說：“人們可以在一定程度上創(chuàng)造所謂的運(yùn)氣。”女士表示贊同，B項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容正好相反，也可排除。

7. A) Luck rarely contributes to a person's success.

B) One must have natural talent to be successful.

C) One should always be ready to seize opportunities.

D) Practice is essential to becoming good at something.

Q: What is the chief point the TED Talks video makes?

A）運(yùn)氣幾乎不能幫助人們?nèi)〉贸晒Α?/p>

B）人們必須有天賦才能成功。

C）人們應(yīng)該時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備抓住機(jī)會。

D）練習(xí)是變得擅長做某事的基本要素。

問：TED演講視頻的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么？

? 聽前預(yù)測：

1. 四項(xiàng)均是陳述性語氣。

2. 前兩項(xiàng)提到了成功。

結(jié)論：該題可能考查某人對于成功的看法或觀點(diǎn)。聽音時(shí)要留意與態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)相關(guān)的描述，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注與選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的表達(dá)。

? 解析：男士在對話中提到：“從視頻內(nèi)容我們可以看到，擅長做某事并不是因?yàn)橛羞@方面的天賦，而是練習(xí)，練習(xí)，再練習(xí)。”因此可得知，TED演講視頻中的主要觀點(diǎn)是練習(xí)對擅長做某事起到重要的作用，D項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。其余三項(xiàng)都不是視頻中的觀點(diǎn)，故均可排除。

8. A) Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.

B) People who love what they do care little about money.

C) Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.

D) People in need of money work hard automatically.

Q: What does the woman think is the funny thing in the TED Talks video?

A）在有趣的事情上付出時(shí)間和精力是有益的。

B）熱愛自己工作的人很少在意金錢。

C）對工作保持熱情可以讓人變得富有。

D）需要金錢的人自然會努力工作。

問：女士認(rèn)為TED演講視頻中有意思的事情是什么？

? 聽前預(yù)測：

1. 兩項(xiàng)以people開頭，兩項(xiàng)提到了與金錢有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，兩項(xiàng)提到了工作。

2. 三項(xiàng)均表示積極的觀點(diǎn)（profitable, wealthy, work hard）。

結(jié)論：該題考查的內(nèi)容可能與人們的工作或財(cái)務(wù)狀況相關(guān)，聽音時(shí)應(yīng)關(guān)注與選項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)詞匯相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。

? 解析：女士在對話中提到：“如果你喜歡你所做的事情，對此真正充滿激情，并真正付諸努力，自然就會容易賺到錢了。”因此可知C項(xiàng)與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。

Section B

Passage One

聽力原文&譯文

[9]Devil's Tower, the first national monument in America, could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree. Its sheer rock sides sweep up from a broad base until they cut off abruptly at the flat summit. Rising more than 1,000 feet in the middle of the gently rolling plains of Wyoming, the massive column of rock, looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place. In a sense, it was.

Devil's Tower is a relic of the past. When the molten rock of the earth's core forced its way to the surface to form the throat of a volcano, as the centuries passed, the rock cooled and hardened, shrinking and cracking into long columns. [10]Born in fire and fury, Devil's Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water. The outer layers of the volcano were worn away until the hard core stood completely exposed. [11]Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devil's Tower as being formed by supernatural powers. [12]The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears, they took refuge on top of a small rock, and they appealed to the Rock God for help. The God caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears. Even today, says the legend, the girls can be seen above the towering rock as seven shining stars in the night sky.

[9]魔鬼峰（丹佛塔、魔鬼塔）是美國第一個(gè)國家紀(jì)念物，幾乎會被誤認(rèn)為一根巨大的木樁。陡峭的石壁從一個(gè)寬闊的基座向上延伸出來，直到在平坦的峰頂被突然切斷。這個(gè)巨型的圓柱狀巖石坐落在起伏平緩的懷俄明平原的中部，高達(dá)1000多英尺，看起來像是被從另一個(gè)時(shí)空扔到此處的。從某種意義上說，的確如此。

魔鬼峰是歷史遺跡。地殼中的熔巖噴發(fā)到地表形成了火山口，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)過去了，熔巖冷卻凝結(jié)，回縮裂解成為長長的圓柱。[10]魔鬼峰誕生于熾熱猛烈的天氣之中，之后被風(fēng)輕柔地吹拂，被水慢慢地沖刷，才得以形成。火山的外層不斷被磨蝕，直到堅(jiān)硬的內(nèi)核完全裸露出來。[11]難怪印度的一個(gè)傳說把魔鬼峰描述成是由超自然的力量造成的。[12]傳說，七個(gè)女孩遭到幾頭熊的襲擊，于是躲到一塊小的巖石頂上避難，并請求石神的幫助。石神讓巖石長高，把幾個(gè)女孩舉到遠(yuǎn)離地面的地方，而石壁被憤怒的熊用爪子撓得滿是痕跡。根據(jù)這個(gè)傳說，直到今天，在高聳的巖石上方仍然能看到那幾個(gè)女孩，就像夜空中閃爍的七顆星星。

9. A) The stump of a giant tree.

B) A huge piece of rock.

C) The peak of a mountain.

D) A tall chimney.

Q: What does Devil's Tower look like?

A）一根巨大的木樁。

B）一塊巨大的巖石。

C）一座山的頂峰。

D）一個(gè)高高的煙囪。

問：魔鬼峰看起來像什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)都是名詞短語。

2. 四項(xiàng)描述都含有表示“高”或“大”的詞。

3. 三項(xiàng)與自然景觀有關(guān)，一項(xiàng)與人類勞動的產(chǎn)物有關(guān)。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容可能是一處自然景觀，可能是文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，也可能是文章的主題。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息上（stump of a giant tree, huge piece of rock, peak of a mountain, chimney）。

? 解析：題目問的是魔鬼峰看起來像什么。文章開頭提出，魔鬼峰是美國第一個(gè)國家紀(jì)念物，幾乎被誤認(rèn)為一根巨大的木樁。也就是說魔鬼峰看上去就像根巨大的木樁，由此可以得出A項(xiàng)正確。魔鬼峰本身就是一塊巨大的巖石，因此不能說它像巖石，故B不對；C項(xiàng)與D項(xiàng)在文中均未被提及，因此均可排除。

10. A) Human activity.

B) Wind and water.

C) Chemical processes.

D) Fire and fury.

Q: What caused the volcano's outer layer to wear away?

A）人類活動。

B）風(fēng)和水。

C）化學(xué)過程。

D）火和猛烈的天氣。

問：是什么導(dǎo)致火山外層被磨蝕了？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)都是名詞短語。

2. 兩項(xiàng)與人類活動有關(guān)，兩項(xiàng)為自然現(xiàn)象。

結(jié)論：本題可能以what開頭提問，考查的內(nèi)容可能是文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，也有可能是文章的主題。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息上（human activity, wind and water, chemical processes, fire and fury）。

? 解析：題目問是什么導(dǎo)致火山外層被磨蝕了。文章中間部分提到，魔鬼峰誕生于熾熱猛烈的天氣之中，之后被風(fēng)輕柔地吹拂，被水慢慢地沖刷，才得以形成。火山的外層被不斷磨蝕，直到堅(jiān)硬的內(nèi)核完全裸露出來。由此可知，是風(fēng)和水的力量使得火山外層遭到磨蝕，故B項(xiàng)正確。D項(xiàng)是火山形成的原因，故不可選；火山外層是在自然力的作用下被磨蝕的，與人類活動無關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都不可選。

11. A) It is a historical monument.

B) It was built in ancient times.

C) It is Indians' sacred place for worship.

D) It was created by supernatural powers.

Q: What does an Indian legend say about Devil's Tower?

A）它是一座歷史紀(jì)念碑。

B）它建于古代。

C）它是印度人朝拜的圣地。

D）它是由超自然力量創(chuàng)造出來的。

問：印度傳說是如何講述魔鬼峰的？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以it開頭。

2. 兩項(xiàng)描述的是“它”是什么，兩項(xiàng)與“它”的來歷有關(guān)。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容與“它”有關(guān)，可能是問“它”是什么，可能考查“它”的來歷，涉及文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)判斷“它”的指代對象，并將重點(diǎn)放在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息上（historical monument, built in ancient times, Indians' sacred place for worship, created by supernatural powers）。

? 解析：題目問的是印度傳說是如何講述魔鬼峰的。文章中間部分提到：難怪印度的一個(gè)傳說把魔鬼峰描述成是由超自然力量造成的。由此可以得出D項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)都與印度傳說無關(guān)，因此均排除。

12. A) By sheltering them in a cave.

B) By killing the attacking bears.

C) By lifting them well above the ground.

D) By taking them to the top of a mountain.

Q: How did the Rock God help the seven girls in the Indian legend?

A）把她們藏到一個(gè)山洞中。

B）把襲擊她們的熊殺掉。

C）把她們舉得高出地面。

D）把她們帶到一座山的山頂。

問：在印度傳說中石神是如何幫助那七個(gè)女孩的？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以by開頭。

2. 四項(xiàng)描述的都是一種做法。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容可能是某人的做法，涉及文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息上（sheltering them in a cave, killing the attacking bears, lifting them well above the ground, taking them to the top of a mountain）。

? 解析：題目問的是在印度傳說中石神是如何幫助那七個(gè)女孩的。文章最后提到了一個(gè)印度傳說的內(nèi)容，七個(gè)女孩遭到幾頭熊的襲擊，于是躲到一塊小的巖石頂上避難，并請求石神的幫助。石神讓巖石長高，把幾個(gè)女孩舉到遠(yuǎn)離地面的地方。由此可以得出C項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)均不是傳說中石神的做法，因此均排除。

Passage Two

聽力原文&譯文

It's no accident that most gas stations have convenience stores attached. [13]Few of us can fill up the tank without buying a few snacks, cigarettes, soft drinks or other items we can live without. “I deserve it.”That's what hard-working men and women say to justify their lavish vacations, big stereo systems or regular restaurant meals. They do deserve such indulgences. However, they also deserve a home of their own—a secure retirement and freedom from worrying about unpaid bills. No one should have to live with what a Texas mother described as constant stress, tension, even fear about money. [14]Sadly, the pleasure that comes from extravagances often disappears long before the bills do. The video camera that one single mother bought for a special occasion, for example, is not much fun now. She's figured out that it will take her another three years to pay it off at $30 a month. And the New Yorkers who spent a bundle on an outdoor hot tub now admit they rarely use it, “because we can't afford to heat it in winter.”The solution: set priorities—add up the annual cost of each item, then consider what else you could buy with the same money. That will help you decide which items are really worth it. [15]One Chicago woman, for example, discovered that daily lunches with coworkers cost her $2,000 a year. She decided to take lunch to work instead. “I now put $20 a week into my vacation fund and another 20 into retirement savings,”she says, “those mean more to me than lunch.”

大多數(shù)加油站都配有便利店，這并非偶然現(xiàn)象。[13]很少有人去加油時(shí)不買一些小吃、香煙、軟飲料或者其他一些非生活必需品的。“這是我應(yīng)得的。”這就是那些辛勤勞動的男男女女，為了使他們奢華的假期、大型音響設(shè)備或定期的外出就餐變得合理化所說的。他們確實(shí)需要這樣放縱一下。然而，他們也應(yīng)該擁有一個(gè)屬于他們自己的家——一種有保障的退休生活 和無需為未付賬單而發(fā)愁的自由。沒有人必須要過如一位得克薩斯州的母親所描述的那種為了金錢而長期緊張、充滿壓力，甚至恐懼的生活。[14]遺憾的是，揮霍放縱帶來的快樂通常在賬單付清之前很久就消失了。舉例來說，一位單身母親為了一個(gè)特殊場合買了一部攝像機(jī)，它在現(xiàn)在看來并不會帶來那么多的樂趣了。她已經(jīng)算好了，每個(gè)月還30美元的話，她需要花三年的時(shí)間才能把攝像機(jī)的錢付清。那些花了一大筆錢買了一個(gè)戶外用的熱浴盆的紐約人現(xiàn)在承認(rèn)，他們很少使用它，“因?yàn)槲覀冐?fù)擔(dān)不起冬天時(shí)加熱它的費(fèi)用”。 解決辦法是分清主次——把每一樣?xùn)|西一年的費(fèi)用合計(jì)一下，然后考慮一下，用同樣多的錢還可以買什么。那可以幫你決定哪些東西是真正值得買的。[15]比如，一位芝加哥的婦女發(fā)現(xiàn)她每天中午與同事一起吃飯，每年要花2000美元，于是她決定上班自帶午飯。“現(xiàn)在我每個(gè)星期都有20美元存入假期基金，另外還有20美元存入退休儲蓄賬戶，”她說，“這些對我來說比午餐可要重要多了。”

13. A) They will buy something from the convenience stores.

B) They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.

C) They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.

D) They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.

Q: What does the speaker say about drivers who stop at gas stations?

A）他們會從便利店買些東西。

B）他們會利用這個(gè)時(shí)間休息一會兒。

C）他們會讓人洗車或提供汽車服務(wù)。

D）他們會買些紀(jì)念品或禮物。

問：關(guān)于在加油站停留的司機(jī)，講話者說了些什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以they will開頭。

2. 四項(xiàng)描述的都是they的動作。

3. 兩項(xiàng)與買東西有關(guān)。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容可能是某些人的具體做法，涉及文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)首先判斷they指代的對象，并將重點(diǎn)放在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息上（buy something, rest a while, have their vehicles washed or serviced, pick up some souvenirs or gift items）。

? 解析：題目問的是關(guān)于在加油站停留的司機(jī)，講話者是如何說的。文章開頭指出，很少有人去加油時(shí)不買一些非生活必需的小吃、軟飲料或者其他日常用品。由此可以得出A項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)在講話中均未提及，因此排除。

14. A) They can bring only temporary pleasures.

B) They are meant for the extremely wealthy.

C) They should be done away with altogether.

D) They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.

Q: What does the speaker say about extravagances?

A）它們只能帶來短暫的快樂。

B）它們主要針對極其富有的人。

C）它們應(yīng)該被徹底廢除。

D）它們最終可能使一個(gè)人破產(chǎn)。

問：關(guān)于揮霍放縱，講話者說了些什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以they開頭。

2. 三項(xiàng)描述的都是消極結(jié)果。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容可能是一個(gè)看法、一種觀點(diǎn)或一個(gè)結(jié)論，可能是文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)首先判斷they指代的對象，并將重點(diǎn)放在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息上（temporary pleasures, extremely wealthy, be done away with altogether, drive one to bankruptcy）。

? 解析：題目問的是關(guān)于揮霍放縱，講話者說了些什么。文章中提到，遺憾的是，揮霍放縱帶來的快樂往往在賬單付清之前很久就消失了。由此可知這種快樂是非常短暫的，因此A項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)在講話中均未被提及，因此均排除。

15. A) A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one's colleagues.

B) Retirement savings should come first in one's family budgeting.

C) A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.

D) Small daily savings can make a big difference in one's life.

Q: What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman?

A）良好的社交方式就是每天與同事一起吃午餐。

B）退休儲蓄在一個(gè)人的家庭預(yù)算中應(yīng)該排在第一位。

C）一個(gè)人如果每周存20美元，就可以負(fù)擔(dān)度假費(fèi)用了。

D）每天存一小筆錢就可以對一個(gè)人的生活產(chǎn)生很大的影響。

問：講話者舉芝加哥婦女的例子是想說明什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 三項(xiàng)均提到savings或save。

2. 兩項(xiàng)描述的是存錢帶來的積極結(jié)果。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容可能是一個(gè)看法、一種觀點(diǎn)或一個(gè)結(jié)論，可能是文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息上（have daily lunch with one's colleagues, retirement savings, a vacation will be affordable, small daily savings can make a big difference）。

? 解析：題目問的是講話者舉芝加哥婦女的例子是想說明什么。文章最后舉了一個(gè)芝加哥婦女存錢的例子，她原來每天中午與同事一起吃飯，一年下來午飯錢要花費(fèi)一大筆，后來她決定自帶午飯。這樣一來她每個(gè)星期都有一小筆錢存入假期基金，還有一小筆存入退休儲蓄賬戶，而這樣做將為她的生活帶來積極的影響。由此可以得出D項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)均是對這一事例的主觀引申，與講話者意圖不符，因此均排除。

Section C

Recording One

聽力原文&譯文

Let's say you start to brainstorm a list of all the emotions you've ever experienced, just for fun. Try it now.

What's on your list? Chances are, you included things like: happy, sad, excited, angry, afraid, grateful, proud, scared, confused, stressed, relaxed and amazed. Now sort your list into two categories: positive emotions and negative emotions.

[16]Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human. We might use the word “negative”to describe more difficult emotions but it doesn't mean those emotions are bad or we shouldn't have them. Still, most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one. It's likely you'd prefer to feel happy instead of sad or confident instead of insecure.

What matters is how our emotions are balanced, how much of each type of emotion, positive or negative, we experience.

Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with. For example, fear can alert us to possible danger. It's a signal that we might need to protect ourselves. Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes, crossing a boundary or violating our trust. Anger can be a signal that we might need to act on our own behalf.

Negative emotions focus on our awareness. They help us to zero in on a problem so we can deal with it. [17]But too many negative emotions can make us feel overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted or stressed out. When negative emotions are out of balance, problems might seem too big to handle.

The more we dwell on negative emotions, the more negative we begin to feel. Focusing on negativity just keeps it going.

Positive emotions balance out negative ones, but they have other powerful benefits, too. [18]Instead of narrowing our focus, like negative emotions do, positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness, attention and memory. They help us take in more information, hold several ideas in mind at once and understand how different ideas relate to each other.

When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities, we are more able to learn and build on our skills. That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.

People who have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives tend to be happier, healthier, learn better and get along well with others.

比如說你開始頭腦風(fēng)暴，列舉一下曾經(jīng)體驗(yàn)過的所有情緒，只是為了好玩。現(xiàn)在就試試吧。

你想到了什么？你可能會列出這些情緒：快樂、悲傷、激動、生氣、害怕、感激、得意、恐懼、困惑、緊張、放松和驚訝。現(xiàn)在把這些情緒分為兩類：積極情緒和消極情緒。

[16]身為人類自然會有積極情緒和消極情緒。我們可能會用“消極”這個(gè)詞來描述較為難受的情緒，但這并不意味著那些情緒就是不好的或者我們不應(yīng)該有那樣的情緒。盡管如此，大多數(shù)人可能寧愿有積極情緒而非消極情緒。很可能你會更喜歡感到快樂而不是悲傷，或者更喜歡感到自信而非不安。

重要的是我們?nèi)绾纹胶庾约旱那榫w，以及對于每一種情緒，無論是積極的還是消極的，我們體會過多少。

消極情緒告誡我們要警惕威脅或應(yīng)對可能的挑戰(zhàn)。例如，恐懼可以使我們意識到可能的危險(xiǎn)。它是一種信號，即我們可能需要保護(hù)自己。憤怒的情緒向我們發(fā)出警告：某人正在激怒我們，做出越界的事或者破壞我們的信任。憤怒可以是一種信號：我們可能要為自己的利益而戰(zhàn)。

消極情緒使我們的意識集中。這類情緒讓我們將注意力集中在一個(gè)問題上，以便我們可以解決它。[17]但太多的消極情緒會使我們感到不知所措、焦慮、疲憊不堪或者壓力重重。當(dāng)消極情緒多于積極情緒時(shí)，問題可能看起來就太大而無法處理了。

我們在消極情緒上思考越多，就會開始感覺越來越消極。專注于消極情緒只會讓其愈演愈烈。

積極情緒能調(diào)節(jié)消極情緒，但積極情緒也有其他強(qiáng)大的好處。[18]與消極情緒縮小我們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不同，積極情緒通過增強(qiáng)我們的意識、提高我們的注意力和記憶力來影響我們的大腦活動。積極情緒幫助我們領(lǐng)會更多信息，使我們腦中同時(shí)冒出幾種想法，并且明白不同的想法之間是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。

當(dāng)積極情緒使我們面對新的發(fā)展可能時(shí)，我們更加有能力學(xué)習(xí)并培養(yǎng)自身的技能。那會讓我們更好地完成工作和通過考驗(yàn)。

日常生活中擁有足夠多積極情緒的人往往會更加快樂，更加健康，學(xué)習(xí)能力更強(qiáng)，也能與他人和睦相處。

16. A) They should be done away with.

B) They are necessary in our lives.

C) They enrich our experience.

D) They are harmful to health.

Q: What does the speaker say about negative emotions?

A）它們應(yīng)當(dāng)被去除。

B）它們必然會出現(xiàn)在我們的生活中。

C）它們豐富了我們的經(jīng)歷。

D）它們對健康是有害的。

問：關(guān)于消極情緒，講話者說了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以they開頭，且都是陳述性語氣，聽音時(shí)要注意聽清they的指代對象。

2. 兩項(xiàng)表達(dá)積極意義，兩項(xiàng)表達(dá)消極意義，本題可能考查they的影響或作用。

? 解析：本題問關(guān)于消極情緒，講話者說了什么。講話開頭部分提到：“身為人類自然會有積極情緒和消極情緒。”也就是說消極情緒必然會出現(xiàn)在人們的生活中，人不可能只有積極情緒或只有消極情緒。由此可知，答案選B。講話中沒有提及選項(xiàng)A和C。講話中提到了消極情緒太多的話會對健康不利，D項(xiàng)與講話內(nèi)容有出入，也排除。

17. A) They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.

B) They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problems.

C) They are anxious to free themselves from life's troubles.

D) They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work.

Q:　What happens to people whose negative emotions are out of balance?

A）即使生活中沒有任何挑戰(zhàn)，他們也會感到壓力重重。

B）他們感到不堪重負(fù)，以至于無法應(yīng)對生活中的問題。

C）他們渴望擺脫生活中的麻煩。

D）即使沒有做任何繁重的工作，他們也感到疲憊不堪。

問：那些消極情緒多于積極情緒的人身上會發(fā)生什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項(xiàng)均以they開頭，由選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知，they應(yīng)該指的是某類人，在聽音時(shí)要注意聽清其指代對象。

2. 四項(xiàng)均描述的是they的消極情緒，本題可能考查消極情緒對they的影響。

? 解析：本題問消極情緒過多的人身上會發(fā)生什么。講話內(nèi)容中間部分提到：“但太多的消極情緒會使我們感到不知所措、焦慮、疲憊不堪或者壓力重重。當(dāng)消極情緒多于積極情緒時(shí)，問題可能看起來就太大而無法處理了。”選項(xiàng)B的說法與此處內(nèi)容一致，其中overwhelmed屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。其余三項(xiàng)的說法均與原文不符。

18. A) They expand our mind.

B) They prolong our lives.

C) They narrow our focus.

D) They lessen our burdens.

Q: How do positive emotions affect us?

A）它們拓寬我們的思緒。

B）它們延長我們的壽命。

C）它們縮小我們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。

D）它們減輕我們的負(fù)擔(dān)。

問：積極情緒是如何影響我們的？

? 解題思路：四項(xiàng)還是都以they開頭，且均表示積極意義，聽音時(shí)要注意聽清they的指代對象。

? 解析：本題問積極情緒如何影響我們。講話最后部分對積極情緒進(jìn)行了具體闡述，其中提到：“與消極情緒縮小我們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不同，積極情緒通過增強(qiáng)我們的意識、提高我們的注意力和記憶力來影響我們的大腦活動。積極情緒幫助我們領(lǐng)會更多信息，使我們腦中同時(shí)冒出幾種想法……”選項(xiàng)A是對此部分內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。選項(xiàng)B和D文中沒有提及，選項(xiàng)C是消極情緒對人們的影響，故均可排除。

Recording Two

聽力原文&譯文

In the past few months, I've been travelling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes. One day, I was invited to an important event, and I wanted to wear something special for it. I looked through my suitcase but couldn't find anything to wear. I was lucky to be at the technology conference then, and I had access to 3D printers. [19]So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer. It just printed the pieces overnight. The next morning, I just took all the pieces, assembled them together in my hotel room, and this is actually the skirt that I'm wearing right now.

So it wasn't the first time that I printed clothes. [20]For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.

I always felt most creative when I worked from home. I loved experimenting with new materials, and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects.

One summer break, I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Chinatown. We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed. They were amazing — like you can see here. But I had a few problems with them. [21]They were made from hard plastics and that's why they were very breakable. The models couldn't sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.

So now, the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with. I mean the material you feed the printer with. [22]The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex, which is a new kind of printing material. It's strong, yet very flexible. And with it, I was able to print the first garment, a red jacket that had the word “freedom”embedded into it. And actually, you can easily download this jacket, and change the word to something else, for example, your name or your sweetheart's name.

So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.

在過去幾個(gè)月里，我一直都是一次旅行數(shù)周，每次都只帶一個(gè)行李箱的衣服。有一天，我受邀參加一個(gè)重要的活動，因此想穿件特別的衣服。我翻遍了整個(gè)行李箱卻沒有找到一件能穿的衣服。那時(shí)我有幸參加了一次科技大會并接觸到了3D打印機(jī)。[19]因此我在電腦上快速設(shè)計(jì)了一條裙子，并將設(shè)計(jì)文件下載到了打印機(jī)上。一晚上的時(shí)間它只打印出了一些碎布。第二天早上，我只能在我的酒店房間里把所有的碎布拼接起來，實(shí)際上這也正是我現(xiàn)在穿的這條裙子。

其實(shí)這并不是我第一次打印衣服。[20]當(dāng)我在時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院進(jìn)修高級時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)時(shí)，我曾決定嘗試在家使用3D技術(shù)打印一整套用于展出的時(shí)裝。問題是我對3D打印技術(shù)幾乎一無所知，而且我只有9個(gè)月的時(shí)間來想出如何打印出五種時(shí)裝樣式。

我在家辦公時(shí)總會感覺創(chuàng)造力最強(qiáng)。我喜歡用新材料進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，總是嘗試開發(fā)新技術(shù)，為我的時(shí)裝項(xiàng)目制作出最獨(dú)特的時(shí)尚織物。

一年暑假，我來到了紐約，在唐人街的一家時(shí)裝店實(shí)習(xí)。我們用3D技術(shù)打印了兩件驚艷的連衣裙。它們美得驚人——正如你們在這里所看到的這樣。但我遇到了幾個(gè)問題。[21]它們是用硬塑料做成的，這也是它們非常易碎的原因。模特們穿著它們根本沒法坐下來，她們的胳膊甚至還會被下面的塑料刮傷。

所以，現(xiàn)在主要的挑戰(zhàn)是找到合適的材料用來打印衣服。我指的是放入打印機(jī)中的材料。[22]當(dāng)別人向我介紹了一種新型的打印材料Filaflex時(shí)，問題才有了進(jìn)展。這種材料很結(jié)實(shí)，但也很有彈性。有了這種材料，我才能打印出第一件外衣，一件印有“自由”字樣的紅色夾克。事實(shí)上，你可以很容易地下載這件夾克的打印文件，然后把“自由”改成其他任何字，例如你的名字或者你愛人的名字。

所以我認(rèn)為，未來用于打印的材料會逐步演變，而且會和我們今天所熟知的面料（如棉布或絲綢）有類似的外觀和手感。

19. A) It is not easily breakable.

B) It came from a 3D printer.

C) It represents the latest style.

D) It was made by a fashion designer.

Q: What does the speaker say about the skirt she is wearing now?

A）它不易碎。

B）它是用3D打印機(jī)打印出來的。

C）它代表了最時(shí)新的樣式。

D）它是由一位時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師制作的。

問：關(guān)于她現(xiàn)在穿著的裙子，講話者說了些什么？

? 解題思路：四項(xiàng)均以it開頭，且由其中的the latest style和made by a fashion designer可知，it可能指的是某件衣服。

? 解析：本題問關(guān)于她現(xiàn)在穿的裙子，講話者說了什么。講話者在一開始就提到，她為了參加一次重要的活動，專門用3D打印機(jī)打印了一件衣服，也就是她現(xiàn)在穿的連衣裙。故本題選B。其余三項(xiàng)均與原文不符。

20. A) When she had just graduated from her college.

B) When she attended a conference in New York.

C) When she was studying at a fashion design school.

D) When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.

Q: When did the speaker start experimenting with 3D printing?

A）當(dāng)她剛剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)。

B）當(dāng)她在紐約參加會議時(shí)。

C）當(dāng)她在時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)。

D）當(dāng)她9個(gè)月前參加一場時(shí)裝秀時(shí)。

問：講話者什么時(shí)候開始試驗(yàn)3D打印的？

? 解題思路：四項(xiàng)都以when she開頭，且描述的都是過去的事，兩項(xiàng)與she的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。

? 解析：本題問講話者開始試驗(yàn)3D打印的時(shí)間。講話者提到，當(dāng)她在時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院進(jìn)修高級時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)時(shí)，曾決定嘗試在家使用3D技術(shù)打印一整套時(shí)裝。故選C。其余三項(xiàng)均與其所說的事實(shí)不符。

21. A) It was difficult to print.

B) It was hard to come by.

C) It was hard and breakable.

D) It was extremely expensive.

Q: What was the problem with the material the speaker worked on at a New York fashion house?

A）它很難打印。

B）它很難獲得。

C）它既硬又易碎。

D）它特別昂貴。

問：講話者在紐約時(shí)裝店使用的打印材料有什么問題？

? 解題思路：四項(xiàng)均以it開頭，且描述的都是某種缺點(diǎn)，推測本題考查it的問題或缺點(diǎn)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)聽清it的指代對象和描述其問題或缺點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容。

? 解析：本題問紐約時(shí)裝店的服裝打印材料有什么問題。講話者提到，她在紐約的一家服裝店實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)用3D打印機(jī)打印了兩件非常漂亮的連衣裙，但打印連衣裙的材料是硬塑料，很容易碎，故選C。

22. A) It is the latest model of a 3D printer.

B) It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.

C) It gives fashion designers room for imagination.

D) It marks a breakthrough in printing material.

Q: What does the speaker say about Filaflex?

A）它是最新型的3D打印機(jī)。

B）它是廣泛應(yīng)用于3D打印的塑料。

C）它給了時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師想象的空間。

D）它標(biāo)志著打印材料的突破性進(jìn)展。

問：關(guān)于Filaflex，講話者說了什么？

? 解題思路：四項(xiàng)還是以it開頭，且都是對事實(shí)的陳述。由選項(xiàng)中的3D printer和3D printing可知，it可能指的是某種用于3D打印的材料。

? 解析：本題考查有關(guān)Filaflex的內(nèi)容。講話者最后提到，當(dāng)別人向她介紹了一款新型的打印材料——Filaflex時(shí)，有關(guān)打印衣服的材料問題才有了進(jìn)展，這與選項(xiàng)D的說法一致。其余三項(xiàng)講話者均未提及。

Recording Three

聽力原文&譯文

Welcome to the third lecture in our series on the future of small businesses in Europe. The purpose of today's lecture, as you have seen from the title and the abstract, is to examine in more detail the problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises [23]which arise at least in part from having to adapt to rapid advances in technology. And I want to look at these both from a financial and from a personnel point of view and to offer a few hopefully effective solutions.

Here we have three of the most important problems facing small businesses that I want to look at today.

First, keeping up with the pace of technological change.Recruiting high-quality staff in a time of skills shortages in IT as a whole and in a highly competitive market. And the issue of retaining staff once they've been recruited and trained. Now, all of these problems involve significant costs for all businesses. But there are particularly challenging issues for small and medium-sized enterprises. And those costs would vary depending on the size and scale of the businesses.

So let's come to the first issue on our list, which is keeping pace with developments in technology. [24]Now we all know that the technology industry is intensely competitive with new products being launched all year round as the various companies strive to compete with each other, rather than, say once a year or every couple of years. And this is a real headache for smaller businesses. So, let's imagine we have a small company which is doing OK. It's just about making a profit and it spends most of its income on the overheads. So for a company in this situation, keeping up to date with the latest technology, even if it's only for the benefit of key staff, this can be hugely expensive.

So in my view, some creative thinking needs to come in here to find ways to help companies in this situation to stay ahead in the game, but at the same time, to remain technologically competitive.

Well, there's a possibility that small groups of companies with similar requirements but not directly competing with each other, they could share the cost of upgrading in much the same way as, let's say, an intranet operates within larger organizations. [25]In fact, cost sharing could be a very practical solution, especially in times of financial difficulty. If there's a downward pressure on costs, because of a need for investment in other areas, I would argue that this is a perfectly feasible solution.

歡迎參加針對歐洲小型企業(yè)發(fā)展前景的系列講座，本次是第三講。正如你們從標(biāo)題和概要所看到的，今天演講的目的是更加詳細(xì)地探討中小型企業(yè)所面臨的問題。[23]這些問題的產(chǎn)生，至少有一部分原因在于，企業(yè)不得不適應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展。我想從資金和人事管理的角度來看待這些問題，并提供一些有望產(chǎn)生成效的解決方案。

今天，我想重點(diǎn)講述小型企業(yè)面臨的三個(gè)最重要的問題。

首先，緊跟技術(shù)變革步伐的問題；在總體缺乏技術(shù)人員的IT行業(yè)和競爭激烈的市場中，高水平員工的招聘問題；還有一旦完成聘用和培訓(xùn)，如何留住員工的問題。如今，所有這些問題都會給所有企業(yè)帶來巨大的成本。但對中小企業(yè)而言，存在著極具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。而且這些成本根據(jù)企業(yè)的大小和規(guī)模會有所不同。

現(xiàn)在讓我們回到要講的第一個(gè)問題上：緊跟技術(shù)發(fā)展的步伐。[24]眾所周知，現(xiàn)在技術(shù)行業(yè)的競爭非常激烈。不同的企業(yè)相互競爭，一年到頭不斷地推出新產(chǎn)品，而不是一年推出一種新產(chǎn)品或者每隔幾年才推出新產(chǎn)品。這是較小企業(yè)面臨的真正棘手的問題。所以，我們假設(shè)有一家運(yùn)營還算良好的小公司，僅僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了盈利，收入大部分用于公司的日常管理。所以，對于這種處境的公司而言，緊跟最新技術(shù)，即使只是照顧重要員工的利益，成本也非常高。

所以，在我看來，我們需要一些獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的想法來幫助處于這種局面的公司在市場競爭中保持領(lǐng)先地位，同時(shí)，在技術(shù)方面保持競爭力。

嗯，其實(shí)存在這種可能性：需求相同但不存在直接競爭關(guān)系的小型企業(yè)團(tuán)體可以共同分擔(dān)技術(shù)升級的成本，比如說，就如同一家更大機(jī)構(gòu)的內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)。[25]實(shí)際上，共同分擔(dān)成本是個(gè)非常實(shí)際的解決方案，尤其在資金困難的時(shí)候。因?yàn)椋ü荆┬枰谄渌I(lǐng)域投資，如果成本方面的壓力可以降低，那我認(rèn)為這個(gè)方案是非常可行的。

23. A) They arise from the advances in technology.

B) They have not been examined in detail so far.

C) They are easy to solve with modern technology.

D) They can't be solved without government support.

Q: What does the speaker say about the problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises?

A）它們由技術(shù)進(jìn)步引起。

B）它們至今沒有被詳細(xì)地研究。

C）有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的支持，它們很容易解決。

D）沒有政府的支持，它們無法得以解決。

問：關(guān)于中小企業(yè)所面臨的問題，發(fā)言者說了什么？

? 解題思路：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均以they作主語，有兩項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了technology，兩項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了solve或solved。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)聽清they指代的對象，并重點(diǎn)關(guān)注與技術(shù)相關(guān)的信息。

? 解析：講座開頭提到，中小型企業(yè)面臨一些問題，這些問題的產(chǎn)生，至少有一部分原因在于，它們不得不適應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展。也就是說，這些問題是由技術(shù)進(jìn)步引起的，故A項(xiàng)符合講座內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)是根據(jù)講座中to examine in more detail the problems而設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，可排除。C、D兩項(xiàng)講座中并未提及，都應(yīng)排除。

24. A) It is attractive to entrepreneurs.

B) It demands huge investment.

C) It focuses on new products.

D) It is intensely competitive.

Q: What does the speaker say about the technology industry?

A）它對企業(yè)家很有吸引力。

B）它需要巨額投資。

C）它把重點(diǎn)放在新產(chǎn)品上。

D）它的競爭非常激烈。

問：關(guān)于技術(shù)行業(yè)，發(fā)言者說了什么？

? 解題思路：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均以it作主語。各項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵信息分別為：entrepreneurs，huge investment，new products，intensely competitive。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)聽清it指代的對象，并將重點(diǎn)放在與各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞匯相關(guān)的內(nèi)容上。

? 解析：講座中間提到：“眾所周知，現(xiàn)在技術(shù)行業(yè)的競爭非常激烈。”由此可知D項(xiàng)與講座內(nèi)容相符。講座中提到，不同的企業(yè)彼此間相互競爭，一年到頭不斷地推出新產(chǎn)品。但并沒有說技術(shù)行業(yè)的重點(diǎn)都放在新產(chǎn)品上，C項(xiàng)屬于主觀臆測，應(yīng)排除。其余兩項(xiàng)講座中并未提及，可排除。

25. A) Cooperation with big companies.

B) Recruiting more qualified staff.

C) In-service training of IT personnel.

D) Sharing of costs with each other.

Q: What is a practical solution to the problems of small and medium-sized businesses?

A）和大公司合作。

B）招聘更加合格的員工。

C）IT人士的在職培訓(xùn)。

D）彼此共同承擔(dān)成本。

問：對于中小企業(yè)所面臨的問題，一種實(shí)際的解決方案是什么？

? 解題思路：兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是名詞短語，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是動名詞短語，四項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞匯分別是cooperation、recruiting、in-service training和sharing of costs，描述的都是企業(yè)的某種做法或采取的某項(xiàng)措施，聽音時(shí)應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在與這些關(guān)鍵詞匯相關(guān)的內(nèi)容上。

? 解析：講座最后提到，小企業(yè)團(tuán)體間共同承擔(dān)技術(shù)升級的成本，這是個(gè)非常實(shí)際的解決方案。由此可知D項(xiàng)與講座內(nèi)容相符，為正確答案。講座中提到小型企業(yè)面臨的三個(gè)最重要的問題，其中包括招聘高水平員工，但并不是說中小企業(yè)實(shí)際的解決方案就是要招聘更合格的員工，故排除B項(xiàng)。其余兩項(xiàng)在講座中沒有提及，排除。